A growth mindset about intelligence, the belief that you can get smarter with effort, is supposed to push you to keep trying when things get hard. And often it does. But what happens when you try and still fail? In this episode of Two Guys on Your Head, Dr. Art Markman, Dr. Bob Duke, and Rebecca McInroy talk about a new study that found something counterintuitive: emphasizing a growth mindset about intelligence can actually increase how much blame we assign when someone struggles with intellectual tasks. The catch is that a message meant to be encouraging can carry a hidden cost, turning “you can improve” into “you should have already.”
July 31, 2026

