1 00:00:00,030 --> 00:00:01,949 The following program is a tribute 2 00:00:01,950 --> 00:00:03,029 to Earl G. 3 00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:04,769 Graves, Sr., founder of Black 4 00:00:04,770 --> 00:00:06,909 Enterprise Magazine. 5 00:00:06,910 --> 00:00:08,629 In Black America, spoke with Graves 6 00:00:08,630 --> 00:00:11,669 in November of 2001. 7 00:00:11,670 --> 00:00:13,749 Graves died on April 6, 8 00:00:13,750 --> 00:00:14,529 2020. 9 00:00:14,530 --> 00:00:15,530 He was 85. 10 00:00:31,710 --> 00:00:33,689 From the University of Texas 11 00:00:33,690 --> 00:00:36,589 at Austin, KUT Radio, 12 00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:38,610 this is In Black America. 13 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:41,099 People kept saying to me, how'd you 14 00:00:41,100 --> 00:00:42,499 do what you did? 15 00:00:42,500 --> 00:00:44,019 And I'd say, well, you know, one day 16 00:00:44,020 --> 00:00:45,939 I'll write it. And then somebody 17 00:00:45,940 --> 00:00:47,499 said to me you know if you wrote it, 18 00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:49,599 you could make some money, 19 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:51,639 you'd get some publicity 20 00:00:51,640 --> 00:00:53,039 and it would work out. 21 00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:54,739 Well, it was tough because you know 22 00:00:54,740 --> 00:00:56,219 I'm not disciplined enough to want 23 00:00:56,220 --> 00:00:58,239 to sit down and start thinking 24 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:00,178 back to what I did and 25 00:01:00,179 --> 00:01:01,899 looking at it and we're talking 26 00:01:01,900 --> 00:01:03,939 about doing this over oh, it's 27 00:01:03,940 --> 00:01:05,779 really working at the heart to get a 28 00:01:05,780 --> 00:01:07,339 book banged out even with somebody 29 00:01:07,340 --> 00:01:08,779 who's working with you And I did 30 00:01:08,780 --> 00:01:10,129 have someone work with me. 31 00:01:10,130 --> 00:01:11,609 That person fopped at me and made 32 00:01:11,610 --> 00:01:13,269 some nice talking out loud and that 33 00:01:13,270 --> 00:01:14,369 person's sitting there piping away 34 00:01:14,370 --> 00:01:15,709 in a computer. 35 00:01:15,710 --> 00:01:17,369 Laptop as we talked and taking notes 36 00:01:17,370 --> 00:01:18,589 at the same time, then coming back 37 00:01:18,590 --> 00:01:19,629 and cutting it in and putting it 38 00:01:19,630 --> 00:01:21,049 back together. 39 00:01:21,050 --> 00:01:22,789 And people who are going to publish 40 00:01:22,790 --> 00:01:24,229 a book for you expect to make money, 41 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:26,049 and I must say to you that I got my 42 00:01:26,050 --> 00:01:27,429 first royalty check at the beginning 43 00:01:27,430 --> 00:01:28,429 of this year. 44 00:01:28,430 --> 00:01:29,949 So it means I got paid in advance 45 00:01:29,950 --> 00:01:30,950 for the book. 46 00:01:31,630 --> 00:01:33,189 They did it what I think was a very 47 00:01:33,190 --> 00:01:34,679 reasonable sense of... 48 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:36,799 Marketing of the man of the book in 49 00:01:36,800 --> 00:01:38,419 terms of when it was added and I 50 00:01:38,420 --> 00:01:40,019 guess it's been about three years 51 00:01:40,020 --> 00:01:42,019 ago I did this thing We 52 00:01:42,020 --> 00:01:43,479 did a book tour all over the country 53 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:44,639 which turned out to be very 54 00:01:44,640 --> 00:01:46,179 successful We made the New York 55 00:01:46,180 --> 00:01:47,579 Times bestseller business that she 56 00:01:47,580 --> 00:01:48,539 made the Wall Street Journal 57 00:01:48,540 --> 00:01:49,529 bestsellers this 58 00:01:49,530 --> 00:01:50,629 Earl G. 59 00:01:50,630 --> 00:01:52,969 Graves Sr., Founder and Publisher, 60 00:01:52,970 --> 00:01:55,469 Black Enterprise Magazine. 61 00:01:55,470 --> 00:01:57,229 Black Enterprise magazine is the 62 00:01:57,230 --> 00:01:59,009 premier business news publication 63 00:01:59,010 --> 00:02:01,389 for African-American entrepreneurs, 64 00:02:01,390 --> 00:02:03,069 corporate executives, professionals 65 00:02:03,070 --> 00:02:04,889 and decision makers. 66 00:02:04,890 --> 00:02:06,409 Graves has been a tremendous force 67 00:02:06,410 --> 00:02:07,609 in leading the black business 68 00:02:07,610 --> 00:02:09,469 community to new heights and 69 00:02:09,470 --> 00:02:11,429 a nationally recognized authority on 70 00:02:11,430 --> 00:02:12,609 black business development. 71 00:02:12,610 --> 00:02:14,509 In 1972, he 72 00:02:14,510 --> 00:02:15,869 was named one of the ten most 73 00:02:15,870 --> 00:02:17,789 outstanding minority businessmen in 74 00:02:17,790 --> 00:02:20,139 the country. By President Nixon. 75 00:02:20,140 --> 00:02:21,959 In 1974, he was named 76 00:02:21,960 --> 00:02:23,819 one of Time Magazine's 200 77 00:02:23,820 --> 00:02:25,979 future leaders of the country. 78 00:02:25,980 --> 00:02:29,079 In 1970, with a $175,000 79 00:02:29,080 --> 00:02:31,779 loan, he started his publication. 80 00:02:31,780 --> 00:02:32,579 I'm Johnny O. 81 00:02:32,580 --> 00:02:33,419 Hanson Jr. 82 00:02:33,420 --> 00:02:35,399 And welcome to another edition of In 83 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:36,599 Black America. 84 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:38,139 On this week's program, Black 85 00:02:38,140 --> 00:02:39,959 Enterprise Magazine with founder 86 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:41,579 and publisher Earl G. 87 00:02:41,580 --> 00:02:44,019 Graves Sr. In Black America 88 00:02:44,020 --> 00:02:45,959 At the end of the day, I urge 89 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:47,779 your listeners to aspire 90 00:02:47,780 --> 00:02:49,159 to all the things I've talked about 91 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:50,819 and go even further than I've gone, 92 00:02:50,820 --> 00:02:52,859 but in addition to that, look back 93 00:02:52,860 --> 00:02:54,719 and not forget to help those 94 00:02:54,720 --> 00:02:56,119 who are less fortunate along the 95 00:02:56,120 --> 00:02:58,199 way, because if you were fortunate, 96 00:02:58,200 --> 00:02:59,259 you got to reach back and do it. 97 00:02:59,260 --> 00:03:00,359 In addition, don't forget to take 98 00:03:00,360 --> 00:03:02,039 care of yourself, male or female, 99 00:03:02,040 --> 00:03:03,259 getting up three or four days a week 100 00:03:03,260 --> 00:03:04,719 if you only walk three miles. 101 00:03:04,720 --> 00:03:05,879 I was just off in the Caribbean 102 00:03:05,880 --> 00:03:07,339 getting on a re-degree last week and 103 00:03:07,340 --> 00:03:09,479 I walked six miles a day before 104 00:03:09,480 --> 00:03:11,409 breakfast. And i urge people to do 105 00:03:11,410 --> 00:03:12,769 that because taking care of yourself 106 00:03:12,770 --> 00:03:14,129 is very very important to read it in 107 00:03:14,130 --> 00:03:16,069 your life talking tonight at least 108 00:03:16,070 --> 00:03:17,189 we have to change it a couple of 109 00:03:17,190 --> 00:03:18,589 times because i would have an annual 110 00:03:18,590 --> 00:03:20,469 physical at howard university but 111 00:03:20,470 --> 00:03:22,089 they're outstanding doctors here and 112 00:03:22,090 --> 00:03:23,349 and it's a place where i'm also a 113 00:03:23,350 --> 00:03:25,229 trustee and so i believe in 114 00:03:25,230 --> 00:03:27,169 also doing business with the 115 00:03:27,170 --> 00:03:29,249 i do business with himself when 116 00:03:29,250 --> 00:03:31,389 it comes even my medical here i 117 00:03:31,390 --> 00:03:33,289 believe that i should find qualified 118 00:03:33,290 --> 00:03:34,989 african-american doctors and 119 00:03:34,990 --> 00:03:36,869 African-American lawyers and whether 120 00:03:36,870 --> 00:03:38,429 they're he or she. 121 00:03:38,430 --> 00:03:39,849 They can do the job I want to do 122 00:03:39,850 --> 00:03:40,569 business with them. 123 00:03:40,570 --> 00:03:42,449 Errol Graves has served as publisher 124 00:03:42,450 --> 00:03:44,769 of Black Enterprise for 30 years. 125 00:03:44,770 --> 00:03:46,609 He is continually sought after as a 126 00:03:46,610 --> 00:03:48,449 keynote speaker by small and 127 00:03:48,450 --> 00:03:50,429 large corporations alike and is 128 00:03:50,430 --> 00:03:52,089 the author of the book entitled How 129 00:03:52,090 --> 00:03:53,949 to Succeed in Business Without 130 00:03:53,950 --> 00:03:55,169 Being White. 131 00:03:55,170 --> 00:03:56,949 Graves had shown himself to be more 132 00:03:56,950 --> 00:03:58,889 than just a successful businessman. 133 00:03:58,890 --> 00:04:00,789 He is a role model for all African 134 00:04:00,790 --> 00:04:01,849 Americans. 135 00:04:01,850 --> 00:04:03,369 Born and raised in Brooklyn, New 136 00:04:03,370 --> 00:04:05,129 York, he graduated from Morgan State 137 00:04:05,130 --> 00:04:07,089 University in 1957 138 00:04:07,090 --> 00:04:09,219 with a BA in economics. 139 00:04:09,220 --> 00:04:11,119 The business school there bears his 140 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:12,959 name. Until recently, he served 141 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:14,919 as chairman and CEO of Pepsi 142 00:04:14,920 --> 00:04:16,778 Cola of Washington DC, 143 00:04:16,779 --> 00:04:18,219 the largest minority controlled 144 00:04:18,220 --> 00:04:20,859 Pepsi Cola franchise in the country. 145 00:04:20,860 --> 00:04:22,379 During the span of his business and 146 00:04:22,380 --> 00:04:24,279 professional career, he has received 147 00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:26,099 numerous awards and honors for his 148 00:04:26,100 --> 00:04:28,179 outstanding business leadership and 149 00:04:28,180 --> 00:04:29,519 community service. 150 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:31,319 Recently in Black America, spoke 151 00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:32,339 with Earl G. 152 00:04:32,340 --> 00:04:33,459 Graves, senior. 153 00:04:33,460 --> 00:04:34,979 I grew up in a household where my 154 00:04:34,980 --> 00:04:36,159 mother and father were very much 155 00:04:36,160 --> 00:04:38,019 there father and mother in 156 00:04:38,020 --> 00:04:39,719 particular father and a house with a 157 00:04:39,720 --> 00:04:41,859 democracy with a very small d 158 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:43,979 uh... Democracy and turn what it was 159 00:04:43,980 --> 00:04:45,879 uh... He demanded that my 160 00:04:45,880 --> 00:04:47,799 sister my two sisters and my brother 161 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:49,759 and i all do well in school 162 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:51,659 being co-cated and and have it 163 00:04:51,660 --> 00:04:52,919 home that we have to be somebody 164 00:04:52,920 --> 00:04:54,239 that we have to own something that 165 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:55,999 we had to do well and when i was 166 00:04:56,000 --> 00:04:57,519 growing up in what was then beckford 167 00:04:57,520 --> 00:04:59,299 stuyvesant there was a consent of 168 00:04:59,300 --> 00:05:00,679 community meaning that uh... 169 00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:02,159 If we did something wrong and mrs 170 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:03,659 williams who was only up the street 171 00:05:03,660 --> 00:05:05,519 about three or four dollars would 172 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:06,819 first come down and give me a 173 00:05:06,820 --> 00:05:08,679 whacking if i wouldn't do it right 174 00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:09,999 and then go back up to sit in the 175 00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:11,279 winter when she saw my father coming 176 00:05:11,280 --> 00:05:12,879 down the street from work very tired 177 00:05:12,880 --> 00:05:15,019 from the job that he had probably 178 00:05:15,020 --> 00:05:16,599 she would come down all called to 179 00:05:16,600 --> 00:05:17,879 the from the witness that i had 180 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:19,339 acted up to that matter if i get a 181 00:05:19,340 --> 00:05:20,859 double-dealing one from his wings 182 00:05:20,860 --> 00:05:22,039 had already taken care of it and 183 00:05:22,040 --> 00:05:23,419 then my father to make sure that i 184 00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:25,339 got the message I don't 185 00:05:25,340 --> 00:05:27,199 think that made me a bad person. 186 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:28,659 I don't mean to make this response 187 00:05:28,660 --> 00:05:30,579 as long as it is, but 188 00:05:30,580 --> 00:05:32,519 I grew up, and I also had my first 189 00:05:32,520 --> 00:05:34,059 deal with my entrepreneurial 190 00:05:34,060 --> 00:05:35,859 yearnings, if you will. 191 00:05:35,860 --> 00:05:36,299 Okay. 192 00:05:36,300 --> 00:05:37,859 I was selling christmas cards at 193 00:05:37,860 --> 00:05:39,719 eight seven in my i route if you 194 00:05:39,720 --> 00:05:42,219 will on my sales area 195 00:05:42,220 --> 00:05:43,859 the square block i lived on i have 196 00:05:43,860 --> 00:05:45,219 to keep making right turn for that 197 00:05:45,220 --> 00:05:47,219 was not allowed to cross three 198 00:05:47,220 --> 00:05:48,559 so when i got to the corner made a 199 00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:49,919 right turn went down the other side 200 00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:51,199 of the block and uh... 201 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:52,999 Covered a whole square and it within 202 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:54,399 that square when they were several 203 00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:55,799 thousand people uh... 204 00:05:55,800 --> 00:05:57,439 In terms of uh... 205 00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:59,029 The area that grew up in 206 00:05:59,030 --> 00:06:01,169 How did you happen to select Morgan 207 00:06:01,170 --> 00:06:01,749 State? 208 00:06:01,750 --> 00:06:03,369 I worked in a library is one of the 209 00:06:03,370 --> 00:06:05,309 many jobs that i had to run up 210 00:06:05,310 --> 00:06:06,769 uh... Through all the way to high 211 00:06:06,770 --> 00:06:08,609 school was working 212 00:06:08,610 --> 00:06:09,909 in i've been in fact getting paid 213 00:06:09,910 --> 00:06:11,509 fifty seven cents an hour 214 00:06:12,510 --> 00:06:14,429 and it was a general working there 215 00:06:14,430 --> 00:06:16,349 with a name of sam young who i have 216 00:06:16,350 --> 00:06:18,229 many many times have hoped i would 217 00:06:18,230 --> 00:06:19,429 have found him i don't even know if 218 00:06:19,430 --> 00:06:20,489 he's still alive and if you were 219 00:06:20,490 --> 00:06:22,529 even hearing this broadcast and 220 00:06:22,530 --> 00:06:24,069 said that i'm the same sam young 221 00:06:24,070 --> 00:06:26,409 used to work in library delighted 222 00:06:26,410 --> 00:06:28,009 to know when he still alive adjust 223 00:06:28,010 --> 00:06:29,849 and notes because he took me 224 00:06:29,850 --> 00:06:31,949 down to Morgan on a visit. 225 00:06:31,950 --> 00:06:33,349 I listen to him talk about morgan 226 00:06:33,350 --> 00:06:34,729 over the course of a couple years he 227 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:36,209 was a graduate of morgan stated in 228 00:06:36,210 --> 00:06:37,649 went on to and why you i think it 229 00:06:37,650 --> 00:06:39,509 wasn't that is passes degree 230 00:06:39,510 --> 00:06:41,529 in library science and uh... 231 00:06:41,530 --> 00:06:42,869 He talked about this morgan state 232 00:06:42,870 --> 00:06:44,849 all the time i went down and up on 233 00:06:44,850 --> 00:06:46,309 just one trip and fell in love i 234 00:06:46,310 --> 00:06:47,429 thought i'd never been on a real 235 00:06:47,430 --> 00:06:49,309 college campus before went 236 00:06:49,310 --> 00:06:50,889 down in the and i thought it was it 237 00:06:50,890 --> 00:06:52,549 was baccalaureate day which is mean 238 00:06:52,550 --> 00:06:53,969 to stay the uh... 239 00:06:53,970 --> 00:06:55,189 Religious ceremonies having to do 240 00:06:55,190 --> 00:06:56,569 with the graduation which was going 241 00:06:56,570 --> 00:06:57,909 to be the next day and here all of 242 00:06:57,910 --> 00:06:59,949 these young men who were Well, 243 00:06:59,950 --> 00:07:01,229 the tenants are ready. 244 00:07:01,230 --> 00:07:02,629 And they were going to be sworn in 245 00:07:02,630 --> 00:07:04,369 as officially as a Tennyson next 246 00:07:04,370 --> 00:07:05,409 day, and they would walk around and 247 00:07:05,410 --> 00:07:07,229 here was a campus with a track and a 248 00:07:07,230 --> 00:07:09,229 football field, and I was just 249 00:07:09,230 --> 00:07:11,069 dazzled, and I came home and made up 250 00:07:11,070 --> 00:07:12,589 my mind that I want to go away to 251 00:07:12,590 --> 00:07:13,489 school. 252 00:07:13,490 --> 00:07:14,949 Well, the rest of it is history. 253 00:07:16,250 --> 00:07:18,009 Forty-five years later, I graduated 254 00:07:18,010 --> 00:07:19,049 at Morgan State. 255 00:07:19,050 --> 00:07:20,789 I have a business school at Morgan 256 00:07:20,790 --> 00:07:22,549 State University, which is our 257 00:07:22,550 --> 00:07:24,709 largest school on the campus in 258 00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:25,969 terms of the number of students in 259 00:07:25,970 --> 00:07:27,189 it, and the name of the school is 260 00:07:27,190 --> 00:07:28,589 the Earl G. Gray School of Business 261 00:07:28,590 --> 00:07:29,899 and management. 262 00:07:29,900 --> 00:07:31,299 And so what let's just say that 263 00:07:31,300 --> 00:07:33,219 morgan gave me something in terms 264 00:07:33,220 --> 00:07:34,779 of an education and over the last 265 00:07:34,780 --> 00:07:36,719 forty years or forty five years i've 266 00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:38,679 given back to morgan and 267 00:07:38,680 --> 00:07:40,299 i think in a very meaningful way in 268 00:07:40,300 --> 00:07:41,599 terms that what i got from that 269 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:42,899 school and what i think i have an 270 00:07:42,900 --> 00:07:44,339 obligation to get back but of course 271 00:07:44,340 --> 00:07:45,799 if you and i both know john and we 272 00:07:45,800 --> 00:07:47,579 discussed this before this is 273 00:07:47,580 --> 00:07:48,999 something that uh... 274 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:50,719 We both believe in and that is to 275 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:52,599 giving back with the n a c p or 276 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:54,359 whether or not it's operation place 277 00:07:54,360 --> 00:07:55,819 for Jesse Jackson or the Urban 278 00:07:55,820 --> 00:07:57,749 League or the 279 00:07:57,750 --> 00:07:58,769 southern christian leadership 280 00:07:58,770 --> 00:08:00,609 conference or and the 281 00:08:00,610 --> 00:08:02,449 program that mrs king London in 282 00:08:02,450 --> 00:08:04,329 memory of dr king all 283 00:08:04,330 --> 00:08:06,309 the colleges that we attend uh... 284 00:08:06,310 --> 00:08:08,349 I i've now spoken probably though 285 00:08:08,350 --> 00:08:10,209 sixty different college graduations 286 00:08:10,210 --> 00:08:12,109 in that i'll be almost as many 287 00:08:12,110 --> 00:08:14,009 honorary degrees and 288 00:08:14,010 --> 00:08:15,529 i and i look forward to doing it all 289 00:08:15,530 --> 00:08:17,369 the time because 290 00:08:17,370 --> 00:08:18,849 i think that and the young people 291 00:08:18,850 --> 00:08:20,369 need to know what the challenges are 292 00:08:20,370 --> 00:08:22,309 they need to now what it is to 293 00:08:22,310 --> 00:08:23,949 to accumulate wealth and build 294 00:08:23,950 --> 00:08:26,069 wealth because i believe today that 295 00:08:26,070 --> 00:08:27,279 if we're Yeah. 296 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:29,279 Have the position we sure to 297 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:30,859 need to have and and and this 298 00:08:30,860 --> 00:08:32,839 country then we have to do it by 299 00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:34,119 wealth accumulation we're not going 300 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:36,619 to do by this and and itself 301 00:08:36,620 --> 00:08:38,158 owning a house we have have 302 00:08:38,159 --> 00:08:39,538 something we're going to pass on the 303 00:08:39,539 --> 00:08:40,999 future generation 304 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:42,879 Why and when did you become 305 00:08:42,880 --> 00:08:44,759 an administrative assistant to the 306 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:45,659 late U.S. 307 00:08:45,660 --> 00:08:46,819 Attorney General and Senator Robert 308 00:08:46,820 --> 00:08:47,969 F. Kennedy? 309 00:08:47,970 --> 00:08:49,329 You've done your research very well 310 00:08:49,330 --> 00:08:50,869 job but i don't surprise that's why 311 00:08:50,870 --> 00:08:52,709 you're successful as you are i work 312 00:08:52,710 --> 00:08:54,349 for robert kennedy full-time from 313 00:08:54,350 --> 00:08:56,349 nineteen sixty five to sixty eight 314 00:08:56,350 --> 00:08:58,969 uh... I joined his staff 315 00:08:58,970 --> 00:09:00,869 uh... I first had worked during his 316 00:09:00,870 --> 00:09:02,089 president and when his brother was 317 00:09:02,090 --> 00:09:04,489 president as a federal agent and 318 00:09:04,490 --> 00:09:06,369 uh... With the tragedy of of his 319 00:09:06,370 --> 00:09:08,369 death and and that's robert 320 00:09:08,370 --> 00:09:10,009 kennedy not at the at stepping down 321 00:09:10,010 --> 00:09:11,949 to be an attorney general and on 322 00:09:11,950 --> 00:09:13,249 all of this came under him as 323 00:09:13,250 --> 00:09:15,309 attorney general and i went into 324 00:09:15,310 --> 00:09:17,779 back into real estate where I had. 325 00:09:17,780 --> 00:09:19,719 Done some sales before and have been 326 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:21,559 quite successful at it when 327 00:09:21,560 --> 00:09:22,859 senator kennedy ran for the senate 328 00:09:22,860 --> 00:09:24,139 nineteen sixty-four i had the 329 00:09:24,140 --> 00:09:25,699 opportunity to some volunteer work 330 00:09:25,700 --> 00:09:27,579 for him and and that's by the 331 00:09:27,580 --> 00:09:29,079 way the reason that this campaign 332 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:30,759 that's coming up is so important to 333 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:32,399 me i i assume that by the time this 334 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:34,619 is the election will be over 335 00:09:34,620 --> 00:09:35,499 uh... 336 00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:37,559 But it and i said it elections have 337 00:09:37,560 --> 00:09:38,859 a very special meaning for me 338 00:09:38,860 --> 00:09:40,159 because i really had the tragedy 339 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:42,079 robert kennedy staff at not 340 00:09:42,080 --> 00:09:43,139 happen, he would have been President 341 00:09:43,140 --> 00:09:44,479 of the United States. 342 00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:45,959 Our country would be a much better 343 00:09:45,960 --> 00:09:47,439 place in a much different place and 344 00:09:47,440 --> 00:09:48,899 we would not still be arguing about 345 00:09:48,900 --> 00:09:50,819 equality at least not to the extent 346 00:09:50,820 --> 00:09:52,259 that we are today uh... 347 00:09:52,260 --> 00:09:53,619 But i work for killing two sixty 348 00:09:53,620 --> 00:09:55,219 eight with the tragedy of his death 349 00:09:55,220 --> 00:09:56,979 assassination uh... 350 00:09:56,980 --> 00:09:58,539 I went into business myself in 351 00:09:58,540 --> 00:10:00,599 nineteen sixty eight in it nineteen 352 00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:02,279 sixty ninety i didn't contemplate 353 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:04,079 black enterprise magazine came along 354 00:10:04,080 --> 00:10:05,859 in august of nineteen seventy its 355 00:10:05,860 --> 00:10:07,698 first issue came out 356 00:10:07,699 --> 00:10:09,239 and and this august we just 357 00:10:09,240 --> 00:10:10,699 celebrated thirty years of black 358 00:10:10,700 --> 00:10:12,379 enterprise in circulation as of 359 00:10:12,380 --> 00:10:14,159 january first will have a guarantee 360 00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:16,239 of over four hundred thousand 361 00:10:16,240 --> 00:10:17,779 there are four million readers of 362 00:10:17,780 --> 00:10:19,919 black and a price magazine and 363 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:21,699 we have three sons that work in the 364 00:10:21,700 --> 00:10:23,079 first business is that we have to 365 00:10:23,080 --> 00:10:24,879 offer work directly within doing 366 00:10:24,880 --> 00:10:26,959 things with the magazine and uh... 367 00:10:26,960 --> 00:10:27,979 You know you get a return on your 368 00:10:27,980 --> 00:10:29,299 best effort and all this tuition 369 00:10:29,300 --> 00:10:31,039 john we were talked about before if 370 00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:33,009 you if you stay with it long enough 371 00:10:33,010 --> 00:10:34,849 Having an idea is one thing, 372 00:10:34,850 --> 00:10:36,489 but putting that idea into practice 373 00:10:36,490 --> 00:10:38,029 and actually seeing it come to 374 00:10:38,030 --> 00:10:40,129 fruition. Give us a backstage 375 00:10:40,130 --> 00:10:42,089 look at once the idea 376 00:10:42,090 --> 00:10:43,949 that formulated in your brain 377 00:10:43,950 --> 00:10:45,869 of making that idea a 378 00:10:45,870 --> 00:10:46,609 reality. 379 00:10:46,610 --> 00:10:48,169 I had worked in economic development 380 00:10:48,170 --> 00:10:49,829 for robert kennedy that we have to 381 00:10:49,830 --> 00:10:51,609 work for that i was doing this 382 00:10:51,610 --> 00:10:53,109 full-time tried to think i'm going 383 00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:54,569 to do a real estate development and 384 00:10:54,570 --> 00:10:55,629 think that we do a health care 385 00:10:55,630 --> 00:10:57,769 delivery and i did something that 386 00:10:57,770 --> 00:10:59,389 i think i have to do with uh... 387 00:10:59,390 --> 00:11:01,269 Other areas of urban planning to 388 00:11:01,270 --> 00:11:03,169 happen to do it cities 389 00:11:03,170 --> 00:11:05,029 of of new york state he was 390 00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:06,609 a senator from the junior senator 391 00:11:06,610 --> 00:11:08,469 from new yorke and senator javits 392 00:11:08,470 --> 00:11:10,609 the republican senior senator 393 00:11:10,610 --> 00:11:13,089 very liberal and also a good man 394 00:11:13,090 --> 00:11:15,169 and in any event With the tragedy 395 00:11:15,170 --> 00:11:17,109 of his death it really doesn't 396 00:11:17,110 --> 00:11:18,689 matter what we're going to do i 397 00:11:18,690 --> 00:11:20,149 think uh... I didn't cover the front 398 00:11:20,150 --> 00:11:22,469 repeating myself stop me uh... 399 00:11:22,470 --> 00:11:23,869 And so looking at what the 400 00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:25,489 opportunities might be i first 401 00:11:25,490 --> 00:11:27,429 thought of an idea of a newsletter 402 00:11:27,430 --> 00:11:29,009 and then somebody suggested to me if 403 00:11:29,010 --> 00:11:30,589 i can do a newsletter why not do a 404 00:11:30,590 --> 00:11:31,729 magazine what since i didn't know 405 00:11:31,730 --> 00:11:32,769 very much about a newsletter 406 00:11:32,770 --> 00:11:34,849 probably even less about a magazine 407 00:11:34,850 --> 00:11:36,529 in the media to make some sense i 408 00:11:36,530 --> 00:11:37,929 wouldn't ask for some advice from 409 00:11:37,930 --> 00:11:39,929 people like you what kind of stuff i 410 00:11:39,930 --> 00:11:41,289 i thought they did something about a 411 00:11:41,290 --> 00:11:42,569 bag of a big office and help 412 00:11:42,570 --> 00:11:43,469 particularly people in the 413 00:11:43,470 --> 00:11:44,999 advertising industry. 414 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:46,219 And drove home the importance of 415 00:11:46,220 --> 00:11:47,359 what advertising was going to mean 416 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:49,319 because certainly i know full 417 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:50,799 well one having been in the radio 418 00:11:50,800 --> 00:11:52,119 business and done so fairly 419 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:54,019 successfully and two days 420 00:11:54,020 --> 00:11:55,919 and knowing for the success and what 421 00:11:55,920 --> 00:11:57,299 it took for you to get where you are 422 00:11:57,300 --> 00:11:59,419 with your programming and 423 00:11:59,420 --> 00:12:01,039 your stations because we are both in 424 00:12:01,040 --> 00:12:02,559 the communication business in my 425 00:12:02,560 --> 00:12:04,419 case in print and your case in 426 00:12:04,420 --> 00:12:06,379 broadcast but both of us have 427 00:12:06,380 --> 00:12:07,919 to go out and get those almighty 428 00:12:07,920 --> 00:12:09,719 advertising dollars and therefore i 429 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:11,299 have to have a vehicle meaning that 430 00:12:11,300 --> 00:12:12,679 magazine that was going to warrant 431 00:12:12,680 --> 00:12:14,759 people Why need to advertise? 432 00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:16,729 Well... We get a couple of dollars 433 00:12:16,730 --> 00:12:18,349 shy of doing forty million dollars a 434 00:12:18,350 --> 00:12:20,729 year now with the magazine alone 435 00:12:20,730 --> 00:12:22,169 and so i would see when you reach 436 00:12:22,170 --> 00:12:23,469 that level uh... 437 00:12:23,470 --> 00:12:25,169 We are we are number sixty five in 438 00:12:25,170 --> 00:12:26,489 growth out of the thousands of 439 00:12:26,490 --> 00:12:27,609 magazine you have in this country 440 00:12:27,610 --> 00:12:29,449 this year in terms of uh... 441 00:12:29,450 --> 00:12:31,229 The increases in sales that we have 442 00:12:31,230 --> 00:12:33,089 enjoyed i have to give a lot of 443 00:12:33,090 --> 00:12:34,009 credit to uh... 444 00:12:34,010 --> 00:12:35,389 Two of our sons who are directly 445 00:12:35,390 --> 00:12:37,229 involved with the magazine and i 446 00:12:37,230 --> 00:12:38,589 think we have to get credit to the 447 00:12:38,590 --> 00:12:39,949 fact that we haven't outstanding 448 00:12:39,950 --> 00:12:41,329 editorial staff we have an 449 00:12:41,330 --> 00:12:42,509 outstanding group of young people 450 00:12:42,510 --> 00:12:44,189 work for it not as my two sons, 451 00:12:44,190 --> 00:12:45,839 although I'm very proud of them. 452 00:12:45,840 --> 00:12:46,639 And uh... 453 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:47,959 And and and more more people 454 00:12:47,960 --> 00:12:49,379 recognize the importance of what 455 00:12:49,380 --> 00:12:51,239 we're saying and where how to book 456 00:12:51,240 --> 00:12:53,699 with saying the people we 457 00:12:53,700 --> 00:12:55,619 we mean to show the way in and 458 00:12:55,620 --> 00:12:56,899 and we say talking about the 459 00:12:56,900 --> 00:12:58,579 importance of wealth saving and and 460 00:12:58,580 --> 00:13:00,439 wealth accumulation and 461 00:13:00,440 --> 00:13:01,959 we're talking about importance of 462 00:13:01,960 --> 00:13:03,859 planning for the future and i 463 00:13:03,860 --> 00:13:06,279 think what gave me 464 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:08,659 more of a more of the area 465 00:13:08,660 --> 00:13:10,199 push in the right direction with 466 00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:11,699 setting goals for myself i've done 467 00:13:11,700 --> 00:13:13,159 that I can think all the way back 468 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:14,609 when I was eight or nine years old. 469 00:13:14,610 --> 00:13:16,129 When I have a bicycle, I went out 470 00:13:16,130 --> 00:13:17,349 and saved money by selling Christmas 471 00:13:17,350 --> 00:13:19,329 cards to do that, and I couldn't 472 00:13:19,330 --> 00:13:20,229 have been any more than eight years 473 00:13:20,230 --> 00:13:21,929 old. I wanted to be a lifeguard. 474 00:13:21,930 --> 00:13:23,889 I made up my mind that I was going 475 00:13:23,890 --> 00:13:24,829 to swim, because I knew at the 476 00:13:24,830 --> 00:13:25,869 beach, that's where all the young 477 00:13:25,870 --> 00:13:27,429 girls were, and they were paying 478 00:13:27,430 --> 00:13:29,249 $10.05 a day, and that was 479 00:13:29,250 --> 00:13:30,949 a lot of money when I was in 480 00:13:30,950 --> 00:13:32,729 college, and so I went down and kept 481 00:13:32,730 --> 00:13:34,449 on practicing swimming and became 482 00:13:34,450 --> 00:13:36,369 that lifeguard, and knew 483 00:13:36,370 --> 00:13:37,729 I wanted be an officer in the Army, 484 00:13:37,730 --> 00:13:39,789 went to the ROTC, did that, and was 485 00:13:39,790 --> 00:13:41,289 fairly successful at that, although 486 00:13:41,290 --> 00:13:42,469 I didn't stay in the service. 487 00:13:42,470 --> 00:13:43,649 When I got out, I was like... 488 00:13:43,650 --> 00:13:45,509 Captain in the Special Forces, 489 00:13:45,510 --> 00:13:46,629 which is, you remember, it's the 490 00:13:46,630 --> 00:13:46,750 Green Berets. 491 00:13:46,751 --> 00:13:47,751 Right, right, right. 492 00:13:49,290 --> 00:13:51,049 And if you ask me a metal what a 493 00:13:51,050 --> 00:13:53,089 wonderful woman who i met 494 00:13:53,090 --> 00:13:54,489 and we have now been married forty 495 00:13:54,490 --> 00:13:56,349 years and i met her first of 496 00:13:56,350 --> 00:13:57,589 all i thought you had it that's what 497 00:13:57,590 --> 00:13:58,769 the leg that everything about that 498 00:13:58,770 --> 00:14:00,629 you wouldn't just pretty she was 499 00:14:00,630 --> 00:14:02,669 but you know you you got a look all 500 00:14:02,670 --> 00:14:03,789 over the court my mother was 501 00:14:03,790 --> 00:14:05,129 mortified because she decided she 502 00:14:05,130 --> 00:14:06,469 had a warm person out there but i 503 00:14:06,470 --> 00:14:07,949 think that mom i can't go on pretty 504 00:14:07,950 --> 00:14:09,129 now that i got a ride the subway 505 00:14:09,130 --> 00:14:11,009 with this lady so she's got a book 506 00:14:11,010 --> 00:14:13,389 certainly so i i i 507 00:14:13,390 --> 00:14:15,110 found a lady who i very much about 508 00:14:16,720 --> 00:14:18,439 And we become more and more partners 509 00:14:18,440 --> 00:14:19,679 and friends as our marriage 510 00:14:19,680 --> 00:14:21,099 continues. 511 00:14:21,100 --> 00:14:22,759 We have three sons, I said, three 512 00:14:22,760 --> 00:14:23,779 daughter-in-laws and seven 513 00:14:23,780 --> 00:14:24,979 grandchildren. 514 00:14:24,980 --> 00:14:26,199 And so I think I'm very blessed. 515 00:14:26,200 --> 00:14:27,819 And I don't think I do what I do by 516 00:14:27,820 --> 00:14:29,219 myself. By the way, I have a belief 517 00:14:29,220 --> 00:14:31,399 in the God that says that you've 518 00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:33,399 got to set those same goals and 519 00:14:33,400 --> 00:14:34,759 then on occasion get down on your 520 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:36,219 knees and remember that you got to 521 00:14:36,220 --> 00:14:37,519 give something back and that it all 522 00:14:37,520 --> 00:14:38,659 doesn't come to you just because 523 00:14:38,660 --> 00:14:39,519 you're smart. 524 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:41,239 You're listening to In Black America 525 00:14:41,240 --> 00:14:42,199 with Johnny L. 526 00:14:42,200 --> 00:14:43,219 Hansen Jr. 527 00:14:43,220 --> 00:14:44,739 We'll be back with more of our 528 00:14:44,740 --> 00:14:46,539 conversation in just a moment. 529 00:14:47,740 --> 00:14:49,739 And now back to this episode of 530 00:14:49,740 --> 00:14:51,099 In Black American. 531 00:14:51,100 --> 00:14:53,159 Mr. Grayson, we spoke about 15 years 532 00:14:53,160 --> 00:14:55,019 ago, you had mentioned that 533 00:14:55,020 --> 00:14:57,299 it was difficult in convincing 534 00:14:57,300 --> 00:14:59,179 advertisers to advertise in 535 00:14:59,180 --> 00:15:01,219 your magazine for the simple fact 536 00:15:01,220 --> 00:15:02,579 that they didn't believe African 537 00:15:02,580 --> 00:15:04,479 Americans was interested in business 538 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:06,709 or interested in investing. 539 00:15:06,710 --> 00:15:09,169 I went through my stockpile 540 00:15:09,170 --> 00:15:11,209 of Black Enterprise magazine, 541 00:15:11,210 --> 00:15:13,369 found the January 83 edition, 542 00:15:14,530 --> 00:15:16,409 64 pages. 543 00:15:16,410 --> 00:15:19,169 Curring edition that I located, 544 00:15:19,170 --> 00:15:20,729 September 2000, which is an 545 00:15:20,730 --> 00:15:23,069 anniversary edition, 216 546 00:15:23,070 --> 00:15:23,929 pages. 547 00:15:23,930 --> 00:15:25,809 What has changed since 548 00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:26,589 then? 549 00:15:26,590 --> 00:15:27,709 Well, first of all, and most 550 00:15:27,710 --> 00:15:29,549 importantly, I have this here on 551 00:15:29,550 --> 00:15:30,409 top of my head. 552 00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:31,470 Okay, you in it! 553 00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:34,579 From trying to make this thing fly 554 00:15:34,580 --> 00:15:36,479 uh... But we have a week we had 555 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:38,399 a a strategy we had planned 556 00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:39,859 we had to go uh... 557 00:15:39,860 --> 00:15:41,219 We knew that we wanted to be we 558 00:15:41,220 --> 00:15:43,159 wanted this a how-to who i say 559 00:15:43,160 --> 00:15:44,399 my people all the time we're not 560 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:45,779 saying how to and i do in the top 561 00:15:45,780 --> 00:15:47,299 because i like it he really is 562 00:15:47,300 --> 00:15:49,459 talking to people i would take the 563 00:15:49,460 --> 00:15:51,479 in agent thirty nine 564 00:15:51,480 --> 00:15:53,079 if they're about but i mean it is it 565 00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:54,599 is for the person getting out of 566 00:15:54,600 --> 00:15:55,939 college it is where the person in 567 00:15:55,940 --> 00:15:57,099 college if we there's something 568 00:15:57,100 --> 00:15:58,819 there for everyone it's the person 569 00:15:58,820 --> 00:16:00,199 was looking at another career they 570 00:16:00,200 --> 00:16:01,859 retired from the army at age thirty 571 00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:03,399 nine every time from being a police 572 00:16:03,400 --> 00:16:05,179 woman and they want to do something 573 00:16:05,180 --> 00:16:07,179 else every time 574 00:16:07,180 --> 00:16:09,179 but what we in terms of 575 00:16:09,180 --> 00:16:11,199 what we wanted the magazine to do 576 00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:13,259 and now that and thirty years later 577 00:16:13,260 --> 00:16:15,119 job quite frankly with people the 578 00:16:15,120 --> 00:16:16,719 advertisers believe it we have some 579 00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:18,199 of the most upscale advertising a 580 00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:19,759 file in the country correct a second 581 00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:21,519 area of advertising if they are 582 00:16:21,520 --> 00:16:22,739 financial service companies. 583 00:16:22,740 --> 00:16:23,559 What are you talking about, Merrill 584 00:16:23,560 --> 00:16:25,689 Lynch? It on the dean whether you're 585 00:16:25,690 --> 00:16:26,949 talking about the bank of america 586 00:16:26,950 --> 00:16:28,689 you come at jay's manhattan bank you 587 00:16:28,690 --> 00:16:30,189 talk about american express which is 588 00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:32,049 huge advertisement it's on the 589 00:16:32,050 --> 00:16:33,629 job swap where we know the bullshit 590 00:16:33,630 --> 00:16:36,609 mr swabin and uh... 591 00:16:36,610 --> 00:16:38,429 They potrack o'sheep the code in 592 00:16:38,430 --> 00:16:40,569 a co-CEO of that company but 593 00:16:40,570 --> 00:16:42,229 a very few entity to a top but in 594 00:16:42,230 --> 00:16:43,709 that area we don't do business we do 595 00:16:43,710 --> 00:16:45,949 a a a ton of business with 596 00:16:45,950 --> 00:16:47,829 the auto industry and a very upscale 597 00:16:47,830 --> 00:16:49,729 cause with all the big three 598 00:16:49,730 --> 00:16:52,109 iota Mercedes Benz, 599 00:16:52,110 --> 00:16:54,349 now Nicole Daimler-Benz. 600 00:16:54,350 --> 00:16:56,109 We do business with across the board 601 00:16:56,110 --> 00:16:58,729 with bmw polvo 602 00:16:58,730 --> 00:17:00,709 uh... Jaga jaga war 603 00:17:00,710 --> 00:17:02,989 uh... And that is to mention those 604 00:17:02,990 --> 00:17:03,869 uh... 605 00:17:03,870 --> 00:17:05,449 If you look at the upscale look of 606 00:17:05,450 --> 00:17:07,429 brands we we certainly do an area 607 00:17:07,430 --> 00:17:09,489 of business with those uh... 608 00:17:09,490 --> 00:17:11,269 When the colleges who are looking in 609 00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:12,749 and people recruiting we have the 610 00:17:12,750 --> 00:17:14,129 number one magazine in the country 611 00:17:14,130 --> 00:17:16,309 for recruitment advertising because 612 00:17:16,310 --> 00:17:17,949 the people to read our magazine in a 613 00:17:17,950 --> 00:17:19,789 people that that 614 00:17:19,790 --> 00:17:20,889 businesses are looking for. 615 00:17:20,890 --> 00:17:22,149 And the other thing you need to understand, 616 00:17:22,150 --> 00:17:23,039 we're not, we are. 617 00:17:23,040 --> 00:17:24,358 Twenty-percent of the people read 618 00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:25,818 our magazine of people actually a 619 00:17:25,819 --> 00:17:27,318 business people put the key in the 620 00:17:27,319 --> 00:17:29,419 door themselves owning that business 621 00:17:29,420 --> 00:17:31,119 eighty-two eighty-five percent of 622 00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:32,339 the keyboard people work in 623 00:17:32,340 --> 00:17:33,759 corporate america people work at 624 00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:35,639 radio station the people and you 625 00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:37,239 know at a radio station is one owner 626 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:38,939 to own it unless it's a partnership 627 00:17:38,940 --> 00:17:40,419 or this is a corporation of some 628 00:17:40,420 --> 00:17:41,299 kind of uh... 629 00:17:41,300 --> 00:17:43,219 Public cooperation and then 630 00:17:43,220 --> 00:17:44,519 the other people work there they are 631 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:46,079 very very good at what they do for 632 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:47,719 me for example one of the best 633 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:49,299 broadcasted in the country is 634 00:17:49,300 --> 00:17:50,979 probably you and i would agree It's 635 00:17:50,980 --> 00:17:51,809 time to join it. 636 00:17:51,810 --> 00:17:53,469 He works for a bc it does a hell of 637 00:17:53,470 --> 00:17:55,429 a job and he's a good friend but the 638 00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:57,369 fact that he we may own stock in 639 00:17:57,370 --> 00:17:59,269 a b c but he doesn't own that 640 00:17:59,270 --> 00:18:01,129 company right he's an owner by ship 641 00:18:01,130 --> 00:18:02,669 by virtue on its own of the stock 642 00:18:02,670 --> 00:18:04,269 and yet he he's and outstanding 643 00:18:04,270 --> 00:18:05,769 executive one of the premier 644 00:18:05,770 --> 00:18:07,269 personalities in this country 645 00:18:07,270 --> 00:18:08,949 whether you come up broadcast you 646 00:18:08,950 --> 00:18:10,269 just talking about another area 647 00:18:10,270 --> 00:18:11,589 where a person develops himself 648 00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:13,869 herself into being a first-past 649 00:18:13,870 --> 00:18:15,409 personality uh... 650 00:18:15,410 --> 00:18:16,889 And so i am talking to the people 651 00:18:16,890 --> 00:18:18,729 who work at i p m i'm talking of 652 00:18:18,730 --> 00:18:20,709 the people who work at Lucent, 653 00:18:20,710 --> 00:18:21,989 what used to be Lucent. 654 00:18:21,990 --> 00:18:23,409 I talk i'm talking to people who 655 00:18:23,410 --> 00:18:25,169 work in a tn tm tone of people that 656 00:18:25,170 --> 00:18:26,629 work at airlines and talking to keep 657 00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:28,249 it working uh... 658 00:18:28,250 --> 00:18:30,209 Major multinational corporations and 659 00:18:30,210 --> 00:18:32,109 and i'm cost talking to those people 660 00:18:32,110 --> 00:18:33,589 who worked at black businesses 661 00:18:33,590 --> 00:18:34,969 whether or not that the radio 662 00:18:34,970 --> 00:18:36,509 station this black program black 663 00:18:36,510 --> 00:18:38,129 dollar i'm talking about a company 664 00:18:38,130 --> 00:18:39,809 such as my own talk about the people 665 00:18:39,810 --> 00:18:41,029 that since i'm talking with the 666 00:18:41,030 --> 00:18:43,349 people at at auto dealerships 667 00:18:43,350 --> 00:18:45,509 with someone who's african-american 668 00:18:45,510 --> 00:18:47,509 owns a dealership And so we have 669 00:18:47,510 --> 00:18:49,309 a broad range, the reason that we 670 00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:50,869 enjoy the. 671 00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:52,449 Popularity i think we do today is 672 00:18:52,450 --> 00:18:54,309 because we have well we have 673 00:18:54,310 --> 00:18:56,149 promised our readers and subscribers 674 00:18:56,150 --> 00:18:58,229 to do we have done as an entity 675 00:18:58,230 --> 00:18:59,929 Why is it important for black 676 00:18:59,930 --> 00:19:01,789 enterprise to publish the 677 00:19:01,790 --> 00:19:03,239 B.E. 100S? 678 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:05,339 We had looked at um... 679 00:19:05,340 --> 00:19:06,799 Measuring businesses in this country 680 00:19:06,800 --> 00:19:08,459 and and uh... 681 00:19:08,460 --> 00:19:09,679 That made up our mind in nineteen 682 00:19:09,680 --> 00:19:11,559 seventy three you know i i read 683 00:19:11,560 --> 00:19:13,339 it is an hour and hour at a close 684 00:19:13,340 --> 00:19:15,259 step there was time to have a 685 00:19:15,260 --> 00:19:17,079 uh... Compilation of what the 686 00:19:17,080 --> 00:19:18,439 leading black-owned businesses were 687 00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:19,679 in the country in the first time we 688 00:19:19,680 --> 00:19:21,499 did it within i think 689 00:19:21,500 --> 00:19:23,079 the total revenues will form a 690 00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:25,459 seventy three million dollars and 691 00:19:25,460 --> 00:19:26,879 it and the number one company in 692 00:19:26,880 --> 00:19:28,399 nineteen seventeen with the motown 693 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:30,120 records for Motown Industries, which 694 00:19:30,121 --> 00:19:31,989 was Barry Gordy's company. 695 00:19:31,990 --> 00:19:33,849 Today the number one company by 696 00:19:33,850 --> 00:19:35,849 itself is in excess of 697 00:19:35,850 --> 00:19:37,229 forty seventy three million dollars 698 00:19:37,230 --> 00:19:38,529 so you can show you the progress we 699 00:19:38,530 --> 00:19:40,469 have made and it is and that it is 700 00:19:40,470 --> 00:19:42,269 almost nineteen seventy three so 701 00:19:42,270 --> 00:19:44,089 we're talking twenty something years 702 00:19:44,090 --> 00:19:45,349 uh... That we've been doing this 703 00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:47,169 list we have now divided the 704 00:19:47,170 --> 00:19:49,149 business of one half of the list if 705 00:19:49,150 --> 00:19:51,089 you will one half of a b one hundred 706 00:19:51,090 --> 00:19:52,189 which is actually two other 707 00:19:52,190 --> 00:19:53,909 companies are the auto dealership 708 00:19:53,910 --> 00:19:55,709 separate this and then what we call 709 00:19:55,710 --> 00:19:57,729 the industrial service companies my 710 00:19:57,730 --> 00:19:59,889 own company, we've had historically 711 00:19:59,890 --> 00:20:01,949 two companies that I just sold. 712 00:20:01,950 --> 00:20:03,809 I've had to call the business in 713 00:20:03,810 --> 00:20:05,749 washington dc and stay invested 714 00:20:05,750 --> 00:20:06,989 with pepsi call this one of the 715 00:20:06,990 --> 00:20:08,249 outstanding corporations in this 716 00:20:08,250 --> 00:20:10,469 country if not in the world 717 00:20:10,470 --> 00:20:11,689 uh... From a brand important if you 718 00:20:11,690 --> 00:20:13,049 want to come to do business with 719 00:20:13,050 --> 00:20:14,789 uh... But back enterprise in the 720 00:20:14,790 --> 00:20:16,329 other entities we have a still a 721 00:20:16,330 --> 00:20:18,389 part of it and 722 00:20:18,390 --> 00:20:20,009 now that we own a private equity 723 00:20:20,010 --> 00:20:21,769 company with today which is another 724 00:20:21,770 --> 00:20:23,449 thing we do uh... 725 00:20:23,450 --> 00:20:25,349 Our corporation lends money not to 726 00:20:25,350 --> 00:20:26,909 start up to not to real estate deals 727 00:20:26,910 --> 00:20:28,909 but to companies that 728 00:20:28,910 --> 00:20:30,789 are mid-size african-american other 729 00:20:30,790 --> 00:20:32,909 minority owned businesses or 730 00:20:32,910 --> 00:20:34,829 looking for money to expand to go 731 00:20:34,830 --> 00:20:36,649 to the next trying to growing at an 732 00:20:36,650 --> 00:20:37,989 entity so we're talking about people 733 00:20:37,990 --> 00:20:39,249 that do in a ready twenty five 734 00:20:39,250 --> 00:20:40,269 thirty million dollars a year 735 00:20:40,270 --> 00:20:42,509 business and looking for an investor 736 00:20:42,510 --> 00:20:44,469 who's going to put money in but also 737 00:20:44,470 --> 00:20:45,869 wants to own a part of the company 738 00:20:45,870 --> 00:20:47,769 that's what we do and then 739 00:20:47,770 --> 00:20:49,529 down the road he'd be or she will 740 00:20:49,530 --> 00:20:51,329 sell the company with and we will 741 00:20:51,330 --> 00:20:52,549 both make money if we have 742 00:20:52,550 --> 00:20:54,189 everything with and work out the way 743 00:20:54,190 --> 00:20:55,479 We mean it too. 744 00:20:55,480 --> 00:20:57,899 So we've gotten from what was 745 00:20:57,900 --> 00:20:59,799 a very 746 00:20:59,800 --> 00:21:01,759 modest listing of the companies in 747 00:21:01,760 --> 00:21:03,899 this country back in 1973 to now. 748 00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:05,199 We have a list of the banks and 749 00:21:05,200 --> 00:21:06,859 financial institutions. 750 00:21:06,860 --> 00:21:07,819 We have the list of investment 751 00:21:07,820 --> 00:21:08,859 banking firms. 752 00:21:08,860 --> 00:21:10,939 We have list of, excuse 753 00:21:10,940 --> 00:21:13,339 me, of the, 754 00:21:13,340 --> 00:21:15,199 what have I left out, let me see, 755 00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:16,479 I mentioned the banks. 756 00:21:16,480 --> 00:21:17,760 I mentioned the- Insurance 757 00:21:17,761 --> 00:21:19,059 companies? Excuse me? 758 00:21:19,060 --> 00:21:20,039 Insurance companies. 759 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:21,179 Insurance companies, thank you, and 760 00:21:21,180 --> 00:21:22,899 the advertising companies, which are 761 00:21:22,900 --> 00:21:25,319 now a part of, if you will. 762 00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:27,599 The uh... To be one hundred so 763 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:28,939 that it's a admit that is much 764 00:21:28,940 --> 00:21:30,659 research out people finish one year 765 00:21:30,660 --> 00:21:31,839 start doing the research for the 766 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:33,059 next year that something you wait 767 00:21:33,060 --> 00:21:34,959 until january start doing 768 00:21:34,960 --> 00:21:36,719 i mean by january we've got a number 769 00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:38,199 of good part of the numbers for them 770 00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:40,438 for what will be a next year's list 771 00:21:40,439 --> 00:21:42,019 and so it's very exciting part of 772 00:21:42,020 --> 00:21:43,619 what we do it and people that you 773 00:21:43,620 --> 00:21:45,499 ask the once but i want i want 774 00:21:45,500 --> 00:21:47,359 to retire the edges i 775 00:21:47,360 --> 00:21:48,819 think that they'd be out feet for it 776 00:21:48,820 --> 00:21:50,219 and i feel like that great put in a 777 00:21:50,220 --> 00:21:51,599 good life and i think we're taking a 778 00:21:51,600 --> 00:21:52,820 right to the cemetery right to You 779 00:21:52,821 --> 00:21:54,889 don't know, but, uh, might, might. 780 00:21:54,890 --> 00:21:56,869 I'd i'd enjoy what i do too much 781 00:21:56,870 --> 00:21:58,309 i want to spend more more time with 782 00:21:58,310 --> 00:21:59,769 my wife would do a trip around the 783 00:21:59,770 --> 00:22:01,769 world next year 784 00:22:01,770 --> 00:22:03,189 and that's something that we want to 785 00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:04,689 do together remember john if you and 786 00:22:04,690 --> 00:22:06,089 i don't spend it our kids will 787 00:22:06,090 --> 00:22:07,409 Right? Exactly. 788 00:22:07,410 --> 00:22:08,410 Exactly. 789 00:22:08,720 --> 00:22:10,459 Uh... And i'm i thought that i enjoy 790 00:22:10,460 --> 00:22:11,899 working together must say where we 791 00:22:11,900 --> 00:22:13,479 have a very unique situation ever 792 00:22:13,480 --> 00:22:15,679 very close family vacation together 793 00:22:15,680 --> 00:22:17,259 the summertime we vacation together 794 00:22:17,260 --> 00:22:19,279 in the wintertime and uh... 795 00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:21,159 So i i i feel very blessed 796 00:22:21,160 --> 00:22:22,619 in terms of uh... 797 00:22:22,620 --> 00:22:24,199 What what my family if you ask me 798 00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:26,139 what i'd measure my success i put 799 00:22:26,140 --> 00:22:28,199 my i say my family person 800 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:30,139 and then i think whatever i could 801 00:22:30,140 --> 00:22:31,969 keep it after 802 00:22:31,970 --> 00:22:33,269 When did you come to the realization 803 00:22:33,270 --> 00:22:34,769 that you needed to write a book? 804 00:22:34,770 --> 00:22:35,569 And you did. 805 00:22:35,570 --> 00:22:36,949 How to succeed in business without 806 00:22:36,950 --> 00:22:36,951 being white. 807 00:22:36,952 --> 00:22:38,839 I think people, I think what 808 00:22:38,840 --> 00:22:40,039 was two reasons that happened. 809 00:22:40,040 --> 00:22:41,259 One is people kept saying to me, 810 00:22:41,260 --> 00:22:42,919 how'd you do what you did? 811 00:22:42,920 --> 00:22:44,459 And I'd say, well, you know, one day 812 00:22:44,460 --> 00:22:46,099 I'll write it. And and and then 813 00:22:46,100 --> 00:22:47,199 somebody said to me you know if you 814 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:48,619 wrote it you you could make some 815 00:22:48,620 --> 00:22:50,039 money. 816 00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:52,039 You know, you'd get some publicity 817 00:22:52,040 --> 00:22:53,479 and it would work out. 818 00:22:53,480 --> 00:22:55,039 Well, it was tough because you know 819 00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:56,619 I'm not disciplined enough to want 820 00:22:56,620 --> 00:22:58,639 to sit down and start thinking 821 00:22:58,640 --> 00:23:00,539 back to what I did and and 822 00:23:00,540 --> 00:23:02,159 and looking at it and and we're 823 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:03,999 talking about doing this over Oh, 824 00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:05,699 it's really working at the heart. 825 00:23:05,700 --> 00:23:07,279 To get a book banged out even with 826 00:23:07,280 --> 00:23:08,699 the somebody who's working with you 827 00:23:08,700 --> 00:23:10,719 and i did have to work with me 828 00:23:10,720 --> 00:23:12,639 that person found to be a meat 829 00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:14,339 but might like talking about that 830 00:23:14,340 --> 00:23:15,579 person sitting there typing away in 831 00:23:15,580 --> 00:23:17,479 a computer laptop as we 832 00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:18,859 talked and taking notes at the same 833 00:23:18,860 --> 00:23:19,999 time and coming back and cutting 834 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,219 input back together and 835 00:23:22,220 --> 00:23:23,999 people who are going to publish a 836 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:25,479 book for respect to make money and i 837 00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:27,279 must say to you that i got my first 838 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:28,799 royalty check the beginning of this 839 00:23:28,800 --> 00:23:30,599 year so it means i got paid in 840 00:23:30,600 --> 00:23:32,719 advance for the book They 841 00:23:32,720 --> 00:23:34,159 did it, I think, with a very 842 00:23:34,160 --> 00:23:35,689 reasonable sense of... 843 00:23:35,690 --> 00:23:37,569 Marketing out the book in terms of 844 00:23:37,570 --> 00:23:39,349 when it was added and i guess it's 845 00:23:39,350 --> 00:23:40,729 this is been about three years ago i 846 00:23:40,730 --> 00:23:42,609 did this correct we did a book 847 00:23:42,610 --> 00:23:43,889 tour all over the country which 848 00:23:43,890 --> 00:23:45,269 turned out to be very successful we 849 00:23:45,270 --> 00:23:46,929 made the new york times bestseller 850 00:23:46,930 --> 00:23:48,069 business that she made the wall 851 00:23:48,070 --> 00:23:49,769 street journal bestsellers 852 00:23:49,770 --> 00:23:50,769 Did you ever get tired of writing 853 00:23:50,770 --> 00:23:51,770 your name? 854 00:23:52,890 --> 00:23:54,489 I think i think that's part of what 855 00:23:54,490 --> 00:23:56,569 i do i mean i love going on and on 856 00:23:56,570 --> 00:23:58,529 that college campuses talking to 857 00:23:58,530 --> 00:24:00,029 students all the time i love gone to 858 00:24:00,030 --> 00:24:01,729 use graduation i did for them this 859 00:24:01,730 --> 00:24:03,569 year to grab the initiative for our 860 00:24:03,570 --> 00:24:04,689 day and then they shared it north 861 00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:06,509 california and i did my route 862 00:24:06,510 --> 00:24:08,569 and it's about that matter what when 863 00:24:08,570 --> 00:24:10,569 did that one also and and it cost 864 00:24:10,570 --> 00:24:12,429 me money but money is time for 865 00:24:12,430 --> 00:24:14,249 me and so doing a business 866 00:24:14,250 --> 00:24:16,009 is in the one way giving back in 867 00:24:16,010 --> 00:24:17,769 another way to sacrifice but i mean 868 00:24:17,770 --> 00:24:20,009 it i just get energized Visiting 869 00:24:20,010 --> 00:24:21,489 these campuses seeing these young 870 00:24:21,490 --> 00:24:23,449 people have the aspirations 871 00:24:23,450 --> 00:24:25,349 to redoing it and to have any one 872 00:24:25,350 --> 00:24:27,209 thing i regret it i look at it 873 00:24:27,210 --> 00:24:29,129 that it was racism is still abound 874 00:24:29,130 --> 00:24:30,849 in this country it doesn't mean we 875 00:24:30,850 --> 00:24:32,349 can't get to where we need to but 876 00:24:32,350 --> 00:24:33,889 it's just one more thing we have to 877 00:24:33,890 --> 00:24:35,969 overcome and not a modest thing and 878 00:24:35,970 --> 00:24:37,169 that's why i think this election is 879 00:24:37,170 --> 00:24:38,889 so important that we will put in 880 00:24:38,890 --> 00:24:40,169 place a person by the time this 881 00:24:40,170 --> 00:24:42,029 broadcast comes to if 882 00:24:42,030 --> 00:24:43,889 the person who will do the 883 00:24:43,890 --> 00:24:45,169 right thing and and i spent a 884 00:24:45,170 --> 00:24:46,269 message i think that person 885 00:24:46,270 --> 00:24:47,829 Hopefully it will turn out to be our 886 00:24:47,830 --> 00:24:48,709 goal. 887 00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:50,729 Why was it important for BE to 888 00:24:50,730 --> 00:24:52,329 have these economic summits? 889 00:24:52,330 --> 00:24:53,510 You have the tennis and golf. 890 00:24:54,820 --> 00:24:56,699 Well, our audience has to meet 891 00:24:56,700 --> 00:24:58,119 each other, we have to network, you 892 00:24:58,120 --> 00:25:00,299 have to know people, we have find 893 00:25:00,300 --> 00:25:02,099 each other and so we started our 894 00:25:02,100 --> 00:25:03,959 conferences, first we started a golf 895 00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:05,779 and tennis event, which has 896 00:25:05,780 --> 00:25:07,279 become the premier event for up 897 00:25:07,280 --> 00:25:08,659 skilled African Americans meeting 898 00:25:08,660 --> 00:25:09,960 each other every Labor Day over a 899 00:25:09,961 --> 00:25:11,879 four day holiday and it's turned out 900 00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:13,999 to be very successful from 901 00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:15,639 the point of view, it is the largest 902 00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:17,559 program or the largest 903 00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:20,539 entity happening. 904 00:25:20,540 --> 00:25:21,819 In terms of uh... 905 00:25:21,820 --> 00:25:23,659 The coming together of the kind 906 00:25:23,660 --> 00:25:25,679 of people who read our magazine 907 00:25:25,680 --> 00:25:27,439 and it gives every media talk about 908 00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:29,119 five hundred office anybody who took 909 00:25:29,120 --> 00:25:30,499 out from black and white into the 910 00:25:30,500 --> 00:25:32,379 job and i have it people tell you 911 00:25:32,380 --> 00:25:33,639 that it then and i really got 912 00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:35,099 released and i think i will really 913 00:25:35,100 --> 00:25:37,319 want to compete and beaten read 914 00:25:37,320 --> 00:25:38,779 other african-americans and then 915 00:25:38,780 --> 00:25:40,159 people play tennis can do their 916 00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:41,999 tennis thing and then did 917 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:43,539 the rally with had this for the last 918 00:25:43,540 --> 00:25:45,539 seven years of the as a premier 919 00:25:45,540 --> 00:25:47,279 first-class spa. 920 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:48,539 Where people have been known to go 921 00:25:48,540 --> 00:25:49,679 in at seven in the morning and not 922 00:25:49,680 --> 00:25:51,519 come out till seven at night. 923 00:25:51,520 --> 00:25:52,959 And so it is a fun time. 924 00:25:52,960 --> 00:25:54,399 People bring their kids and so 925 00:25:54,400 --> 00:25:56,879 there's now after seven years kids 926 00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:58,019 who have met each other and they 927 00:25:58,020 --> 00:25:59,239 start to grow up and some even gone 928 00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:00,199 off the college together. 929 00:26:00,200 --> 00:26:01,579 We've had a couple of marriages that 930 00:26:01,580 --> 00:26:03,859 have come out of our event. 931 00:26:03,860 --> 00:26:05,279 I haven't heard about any divorces. 932 00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:06,679 I'm hoping those don't happen. 933 00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:07,959 And now we have and then the other 934 00:26:07,960 --> 00:26:09,159 thing we have, and we're doing now 935 00:26:09,160 --> 00:26:11,439 for five years, is our 936 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:12,619 Entrepreneurs Conference. 937 00:26:12,620 --> 00:26:14,619 That's really focused on strictly on 938 00:26:14,620 --> 00:26:16,199 business we do have some golf in the 939 00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:17,559 afternoon but for the most part it 940 00:26:17,560 --> 00:26:19,519 is a coming together if you have an 941 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:20,599 interest in how you're going to grow 942 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:21,919 your business are you going to start 943 00:26:21,920 --> 00:26:24,799 a business how you gonna uh... 944 00:26:24,800 --> 00:26:26,019 Consider the idea of a different 945 00:26:26,020 --> 00:26:27,459 career uh... 946 00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:28,719 It is the place you'd want to come 947 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:30,099 if you want to if you need money for 948 00:26:30,100 --> 00:26:31,259 your business we have financial 949 00:26:31,260 --> 00:26:32,959 institutions who are there too 950 00:26:32,960 --> 00:26:34,699 invested business and make loans to 951 00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:36,539 businesses both a private 952 00:26:36,540 --> 00:26:38,519 sector point of view and public 953 00:26:38,520 --> 00:26:39,819 companies as well as governmental 954 00:26:39,820 --> 00:26:41,939 agencies so it's something which is 955 00:26:41,940 --> 00:26:43,439 extremely successful. 956 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:45,239 We anticipate having a technology 957 00:26:45,240 --> 00:26:47,159 conference sometime early next year 958 00:26:47,160 --> 00:26:49,199 we're also moving our 959 00:26:49,200 --> 00:26:50,339 entrepreneurs conference to 960 00:26:50,340 --> 00:26:52,279 nashville tennessee next year so the 961 00:26:52,280 --> 00:26:54,139 first week in may the first ten 962 00:26:54,140 --> 00:26:55,299 days and they forget exactly 963 00:26:55,300 --> 00:26:57,299 location of the four-day event i 964 00:26:57,300 --> 00:26:58,139 don't know but i think it's 965 00:26:58,140 --> 00:26:59,599 somewhere around seven eight nine my 966 00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:00,739 son will probably shoot me for not 967 00:27:00,740 --> 00:27:02,479 knowing today but it's something 968 00:27:02,480 --> 00:27:04,339 that you we would we look forward to 969 00:27:04,340 --> 00:27:05,659 it now we have a key challenges 970 00:27:05,660 --> 00:27:07,539 right and they'll colorado 971 00:27:07,540 --> 00:27:08,859 now all of these things are not just 972 00:27:08,860 --> 00:27:10,659 done for fun and on the part of Am I 973 00:27:10,660 --> 00:27:12,299 wrong? One, they're done because we 974 00:27:12,300 --> 00:27:13,259 think it's important for our 975 00:27:13,260 --> 00:27:14,799 readership and the people who are 976 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:16,359 our subscribers. But two, we do it 977 00:27:16,360 --> 00:27:17,439 because there are money-making 978 00:27:17,440 --> 00:27:19,399 events and things where people do 979 00:27:19,400 --> 00:27:21,219 pay and pay because it's something 980 00:27:21,220 --> 00:27:23,119 they want to enjoy, it's 981 00:27:23,120 --> 00:27:25,159 a participation which we think we've 982 00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:27,159 been very fortunate to have 983 00:27:27,160 --> 00:27:28,539 taken a hold and run with this 984 00:27:28,540 --> 00:27:29,109 thing. 985 00:27:29,110 --> 00:27:31,049 This has been a tribute to the late 986 00:27:31,050 --> 00:27:31,949 Earl G. 987 00:27:31,950 --> 00:27:33,729 Graves Sr., founder of Black 988 00:27:33,730 --> 00:27:35,689 Enterprise Magazine. 989 00:27:35,690 --> 00:27:37,789 Graves died on April 6, 990 00:27:37,790 --> 00:27:38,729 2020. 991 00:27:38,730 --> 00:27:40,489 He was 85. 992 00:27:40,490 --> 00:27:42,249 If you have questions, comments, or 993 00:27:42,250 --> 00:27:44,049 suggestions as to future In Black 994 00:27:44,050 --> 00:27:45,869 America programs, email 995 00:27:45,870 --> 00:27:50,109 us at inblackamerica.kut.org. 996 00:27:50,110 --> 00:27:52,169 Also let us know what radio station 997 00:27:52,170 --> 00:27:53,649 you heard is over. 998 00:27:53,650 --> 00:27:55,229 Don't forget to subscribe to our 999 00:27:55,230 --> 00:27:57,149 podcast and follow us 1000 00:27:57,150 --> 00:27:59,299 on Facebook and X. 1001 00:27:59,300 --> 00:28:00,579 You can hear previous programs 1002 00:28:00,580 --> 00:28:03,899 online at kut.org. 1003 00:28:03,900 --> 00:28:05,519 Also, you can listen to a special 1004 00:28:05,520 --> 00:28:07,039 collection of In Black America 1005 00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:09,159 programs at American Archive 1006 00:28:09,160 --> 00:28:10,939 of Public Broadcasting. 1007 00:28:10,940 --> 00:28:13,849 That's americanarchives.org 1008 00:28:13,850 --> 00:28:15,679 The views and opinions expressed 1009 00:28:15,680 --> 00:28:17,699 on this program are not necessarily 1010 00:28:17,700 --> 00:28:19,799 those of this station or of 1011 00:28:19,800 --> 00:28:22,099 the University of Texas at Austin. 1012 00:28:22,100 --> 00:28:23,459 In Black American is a 1013 00:28:23,460 --> 00:28:25,439 listener-supported production of KUT 1014 00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:27,399 and KUTX in Austin, 1015 00:28:27,400 --> 00:28:29,379 Texas. 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